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Completely landlocked between two large neighbors - Russian Federation and China. It was immeasurably bigger during the period of Mongol conquest under Chinggis Khan and Kublai Khan. Until the 20th century Mongolia was twice its present size and included a large chunk of Siberia and Inner Mongolia (now controlled by China).
Remarkably long frontiers with the Russian Federation and China: 4,673 km with China and 3,485 km with the Russian Federation. The total length of its borders is 7.678 km.
Lying in the center of the Asian continent, Mongolia covers an area of 1,566,5 sq. km. Vast country - nearly 3 times the size of France and more than 4 times the United Kingdom. Mongolia is the 6th largest country in Asia and the 18th largest in the world.
One of the highest countries in the world with one of Eurasia's highest capitals. Average altitude: 1,580m above sea level. Ulaanbaatar: 1,350m above sea level. The highest point is the Huiten peak (4,653m) in the west and the lowest is the Khokh Nuur lake depression in the east - a more 532m above sea-level.
The high central Asian mountain ranges surrounding Mongolia on practically all sides form a formidable barrier against the humid masses of air moving from the Atlantic and the Pacific, thus establishing the dominance of a continental climate in Mongolia. The typical climatic features are sharp temperature fluctuations with the maximum annual amplitudes reaching 90C in Ulaanbaatar. Even the daily temperature may fluctuate by 20C-30C. The coldest month is January. In some regions, for instance in the northern part of the Khuvsgul aimag, the temperature drops to between 45C and 52C below zero. The hottest month is July. On the fretter part of Mongolian territory the air temperature rises to 20C. In the south it is as high as 25C-30C. On the whole, the Mongolian climate is rather arid. The mean annual precipitation is 200 - 300mm of which 80 to 90 per cent falls within five months (May to September). Mongolia is the land of winds and especially sharp winds blow in spring. In the Gobi and steppe areas winds often develop into devastating storms, reaching a velocity of 15-25 meters per seconds. Ulaanbaatar is the coldest winter capital in the world, but enjoys a hot summer ! A remarkably sunny country, enjoying 250 sunny days a year, often with clear cloudless skies. A remarkably sunny country, enjoying 250 sunny days a year, often with clear cloudless skies.
Mountains dominate two-thirds of the country. Mongolia’s highest peaks are permanently snowcapped and with glaciers. Some 2,000 lakes exist, and the largest rivers exit Mongolia northwards to feed Lake Baikal in Siberia. The mountainous areas include relatively wet mountain meadow pastures and steppe regions. In contrast southern Mongolia is dominated by the Famous Gobi Desert.
Yes, definitely. Nearly 10% is forest, mainly conifers in the northern region next to Siberia. Most of Mongolia is wide open ‘steppe’ grasslands in transition with the arid lands of the Gobi Desert. The forests support wolf, wild boar, elk, moose, deer, caribou, antelope and brown bear. The steppes and forest margins support marmot, muskrat, fox, steppe fox and sable. Remote mountains support wild cats such as lynx and snow leopard. Mongolia is the home of the wild ass, wild camel, wild sheep and also nocturnal yellow Gobi bear. The wild horse (takhi) is being reintroduced from captive herds abroad. Bird life is rich and includes golden eagle, bearded vulture and other birds of prey, while the 2,000 lakes are a magnet for water birds including storks and even herring gull and relict gull. The 2,000 lakes support 50 species of fish unique to Mongolia.
Mongolian (noun and adjective).
The population of Mongolia is at present 2,2 mil. people. The present yearly rate of population growth is estimated as 2.8 per cent. Two thirds of the Mongolian population is below 30 years old, and two fifths of the population is 14 years or below. Much of the population growth of Mongolia has been absorbed in urban areas. The present urban population is above one million, Ulaanbaatar having 700,000 inhabitants-one third of the total population of Mongolia. However, a significant part of the urban populations still live in ger /national dwelling/ habitations on the town peripheries. While the average population density of Mongolia is just over 1 person per sq. km, the population density of Omnogov' aimag is only 0.2 per sq. km. About 75 per cent of the population of Mongolia speak Khalka Mongolian , the official language, while another 15 per cent speak other Mongolian languages. Ethnic minorities are mainly speakers of Turkic languages, such as Kazakh, Tuvinian, Urianhai and Hoton.
85% Mongol, mostly Khalkha Mongol. Also 7% Turkie (mainly Kazakh). 4.6% Tungusic and 3.4% other groups. Four million Mongols live outside Mongolia.
Mongolian Language is the First Language. Over 90% Khalkha Mongol (‘Mongolian Language’). The script is Cyrillic due to Russian influence but a switch back to traditional script has begin in Schools. Second Language Russian is spoken by many graduates, with many Mongolians formerly educated in Russia. English is replacing Russian as the second Language. German is spoken by many graduates, and a little Spanish and France is spoken. Chinese not widely understood except in border areas.
The Mongolian literacy is considered as one of the highest : approximately 90 per cent. Educated working force is already available. Most Mongolians speak and understand Russian as it was compulsory at secondary schools during communism. However, there is an urge for learning foreign languages, especially English, Japanese, Germany among young population.
94% Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism, also elements of Shamanism. 6% Muslim (mainly in the south-west).
Parliamentary type of Government, with President second in authority to state Great Hural (Parliament). 1921 final independence from China. 1990 Democratic reform and shift from dependence on the former Soviet Union. 1960 and 1992, some revision 1996 constitutional. 21 aimags (provinces), the capital city (Ulaanbaatar), including 3 autonomous cities (Darkhan, Erdenet and Choir).The aimags are subdivided into somons, or district of which there are 298. The biggest aimag is Umnugov which occupies an area of 165,000sq.km but due to its rigorous climatic conditions has the smallest population (only 42,400 people).
Passports and Visas are required by all. A visa is issued upon invitation by a Mongolian Citizen, or a Mongolian Registered Company. A visitor to Mongolia must supply the company with all his personal details. The permission to issue a visa is sent to the client's nearest Mongolian Embassy or Consulate. The client must then present himself at the embassy, with his passport and two photographs and fill out an application form, submitted with the appropriate fee. Group visas may also be arranged. Embassies may be found in Beijing, Hong Kong, Bangkok ,London, Washington, Moscow, Bonn, Berlin, Paris, Brussels, Tokyo, Delhi, Seoul, Hanoi. Singapore Citizens need no visa for stays up to 14 days. No vaccination certificates are required.
Currency is the Tugrug (MNT).
Most hotels and quest houses have international direct dialing, as well as telex and fax facilities and Internet connection
Copper and molybdenum concentrates, flours par, cashmere, wool, hides and skins are the major exports and imports are Petroleum products, industrial equipment, consumer goods.
Please Contact: Anujin Baatar Office: Hungary 2040, Budaors Osz St. 20 Open: M - F 8 a.m. - 18 p.m. Phone Number: (00-36)209809470
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